For å utføre inn- og utdataoperasjoner i C++, må vi bruke iostream-header-filer. Uten en overskriftsfil kan vi ikke ta innspill fra brukeren eller skrive ut noen utdata.

Syntaks for overskriftsfil:

 #include #include 'iostream.h' 

Det er to typer strømmer i iostream-headerfilen

dfa eksempler

1. Inndatastrøm : For å ta inn input fra brukeren, må vi bruke cin, som tilhører inputstrømmen

Syntaks for å bruke inndatastrøm:

 std::cin>>variable_name 

Når cin utføres, vil markøren bli stoppet ved den aktuelle setningen til verdien er angitt. Verdien som legges inn vil bli lagret i en variabel.

2. Utdatastrøm : For å skrive ut utskriften bruker vi innebygde funksjoner i cout-utdatastrømmen

Syntaks for cout

 std::cout&lt;<variable_name < pre> <p>When cout is executed, the value in the variable will be printed.</p> <h3>Different operations in iostream</h3> <p> <strong>1. Cin</strong> </p> <p>Using cin, we can take input from the user and store the value in the variable. We need to use the cin keyword followed by &gt;&gt; and the variable name.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax:</strong> </p> <pre> std::cin&gt;&gt;variable_name </pre> <p>To use cin, we need to use <strong>#include </strong> as cin belongs to this header file, and without this, an error will occur.</p> <p> <strong>Example code for cin:</strong> </p> <pre> //using header file iostream #include using namespace std; int main() { string name; //cin declaration cin &gt;&gt; name; return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation:</strong> </p> <p>In the above code, we used cin to take the input, so to use cin, we included header file. When the input is taken, the string input is stored in the name variable.</p> <p> <strong>2. Cout</strong> </p> <p>To print the output, we need to use the cout keyword, which belongs to the iostream header file. To use cout, we need to use the cout keyword followed by &lt;&lt; and variable or the statement to print the output.</p> <p>The syntax for using cout:</p> <pre> std::cout&lt;<variable_name < pre> <p> <strong>Example of using cout:</strong> </p> <pre> //to use the cout statement, we need to use the iostream header file #include using namespace std; int main() { //cout statement is used here to print the statement cout &lt;&lt; &apos;Hi from cout statement&apos;; return 0;} </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c-2.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation</strong> :</p> <p>In the above code, we used a cout statement to print the statement. To use the cout statement, we need to include iostream.h header file. Once the cout is executed, statement or variable value will be printing the output. To print any statement, we need to use double quotes (&apos; &apos;), and to print a variable value; we need to use just the variable name without double quotes(&apos; &apos;)</p> <p> <strong>3. Cerr</strong> </p> <p>Cerr is used to print errors in C++, which is present in the iostream header file. If we need to print any error message in the code if any condition fails, then cerr is very helpful.</p> <p>The syntax for cerr is:</p> <pre> cerr&lt;<variable_name < pre> <p>Example:</p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main() { int a; cin&gt;&gt;a; if(a%2==0){ cout&lt;<'the number entered in even number'<<endl; } else{ std::cerr << 'enter proper number' '
'; return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c-3.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation:</strong> </p> <p>In the above example, we used cin to take the input and check if the given number is even or not. If the given number is not even, we need to print an error that the given number is not an even number. We use the cerr keyword in the iostream header file to print this error.</p> <p> <strong>4. Clog:</strong> </p> <p>The clog is also used to print error messages, but unlike cerr, clog is buffered, which means the error message is stored in a buffer and then will be printed, but cerr is unbuffered and will not store the error message in the buffer. The clog also belongs to the iostream header file. As the clog is buffered, it will not show the error message immediately. The clog is preferred more than cerr when efficiency is more important.</p> <p>The syntax for clog:</p> <pre> clog&lt;<variable_name; < pre> <p> <strong>Example:</strong> </p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main() { clog &lt;&lt; &apos;This message is stored in the buffer&apos;; return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c-4.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation:</strong> </p> <p>In the above code, we are printing an error. To print this error, we use cerr, which belongs to the iostream header file. Before printing the error, we store the error in a buffer.</p> <p> <strong>Example</strong> : For all the input and output streams</p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main() { int a; string b; cin&gt;&gt;a; if(a%2==0){ cout&lt;<'the number entered is even enter a name'<>b; cout&lt; <b; } else{ std::cerr << 'enter even number' '
'; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c-5.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation</strong> : In the above code, we used all the input and output streams in the iostream.h header file.</p> <hr></b;></'the></pre></variable_name;></pre></'the></pre></variable_name></pre></variable_name></pre></variable_name>

For å bruke cin, må vi bruke #inkludere da cin tilhører denne overskriftsfilen, og uten denne vil det oppstå en feil.

Eksempelkode for cin:

 //using header file iostream #include using namespace std; int main() { string name; //cin declaration cin >> name; return 0; } 

Produksjon:

Forklaring:

I koden ovenfor brukte vi cin for å ta inndata, så for å bruke cin inkluderte vi overskriftsfil. Når inndata er tatt, lagres strenginndata i navnevariabelen.

2. Cout

For å skrive ut utdataene må vi bruke nøkkelordet cout, som tilhører iostream-headerfilen. For å bruke cout, må vi bruke cout-nøkkelordet etterfulgt av << og variabel eller setningen for å skrive ut resultatet.

skjevhet og varians

Syntaksen for bruk av cout:

 std::cout&lt;<variable_name < pre> <p> <strong>Example of using cout:</strong> </p> <pre> //to use the cout statement, we need to use the iostream header file #include using namespace std; int main() { //cout statement is used here to print the statement cout &lt;&lt; &apos;Hi from cout statement&apos;; return 0;} </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c-2.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation</strong> :</p> <p>In the above code, we used a cout statement to print the statement. To use the cout statement, we need to include iostream.h header file. Once the cout is executed, statement or variable value will be printing the output. To print any statement, we need to use double quotes (&apos; &apos;), and to print a variable value; we need to use just the variable name without double quotes(&apos; &apos;)</p> <p> <strong>3. Cerr</strong> </p> <p>Cerr is used to print errors in C++, which is present in the iostream header file. If we need to print any error message in the code if any condition fails, then cerr is very helpful.</p> <p>The syntax for cerr is:</p> <pre> cerr&lt;<variable_name < pre> <p>Example:</p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main() { int a; cin&gt;&gt;a; if(a%2==0){ cout&lt;<\'the number entered in even number\'<<endl; } else{ std::cerr << \'enter proper number\' \'
\'; return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c-3.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation:</strong> </p> <p>In the above example, we used cin to take the input and check if the given number is even or not. If the given number is not even, we need to print an error that the given number is not an even number. We use the cerr keyword in the iostream header file to print this error.</p> <p> <strong>4. Clog:</strong> </p> <p>The clog is also used to print error messages, but unlike cerr, clog is buffered, which means the error message is stored in a buffer and then will be printed, but cerr is unbuffered and will not store the error message in the buffer. The clog also belongs to the iostream header file. As the clog is buffered, it will not show the error message immediately. The clog is preferred more than cerr when efficiency is more important.</p> <p>The syntax for clog:</p> <pre> clog&lt;<variable_name; < pre> <p> <strong>Example:</strong> </p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main() { clog &lt;&lt; &apos;This message is stored in the buffer&apos;; return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c-4.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation:</strong> </p> <p>In the above code, we are printing an error. To print this error, we use cerr, which belongs to the iostream header file. Before printing the error, we store the error in a buffer.</p> <p> <strong>Example</strong> : For all the input and output streams</p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main() { int a; string b; cin&gt;&gt;a; if(a%2==0){ cout&lt;<\'the number entered is even enter a name\'<>b; cout&lt; <b; } else{ std::cerr << \'enter even number\' \'
\'; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c-5.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation</strong> : In the above code, we used all the input and output streams in the iostream.h header file.</p> <hr></b;></\'the></pre></variable_name;></pre></\'the></pre></variable_name></pre></variable_name>

Produksjon:

Forklaring :

I koden ovenfor brukte vi en cout-setning for å skrive ut uttalelsen. For å bruke cout-setningen, må vi inkludere iostream.h header-fil. Når uttellingen er utført, vil setningen eller variabelverdien skrive ut utdataene. For å skrive ut en setning, må vi bruke doble anførselstegn (' '), og skrive ut en variabelverdi; vi trenger bare å bruke variabelnavnet uten doble anførselstegn(' ')

3. Cerr

Cerr brukes til å skrive ut feil i C++, som finnes i iostream-headerfilen. Hvis vi trenger å skrive ut en feilmelding i koden hvis en tilstand mislykkes, er cerr veldig nyttig.

Syntaksen for cerr er:

 cerr&lt;<variable_name < pre> <p>Example:</p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main() { int a; cin&gt;&gt;a; if(a%2==0){ cout&lt;<\'the number entered in even number\'<<endl; } else{ std::cerr << \'enter proper number\' \'
\'; return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c-3.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation:</strong> </p> <p>In the above example, we used cin to take the input and check if the given number is even or not. If the given number is not even, we need to print an error that the given number is not an even number. We use the cerr keyword in the iostream header file to print this error.</p> <p> <strong>4. Clog:</strong> </p> <p>The clog is also used to print error messages, but unlike cerr, clog is buffered, which means the error message is stored in a buffer and then will be printed, but cerr is unbuffered and will not store the error message in the buffer. The clog also belongs to the iostream header file. As the clog is buffered, it will not show the error message immediately. The clog is preferred more than cerr when efficiency is more important.</p> <p>The syntax for clog:</p> <pre> clog&lt;<variable_name; < pre> <p> <strong>Example:</strong> </p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main() { clog &lt;&lt; &apos;This message is stored in the buffer&apos;; return 0; } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c-4.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation:</strong> </p> <p>In the above code, we are printing an error. To print this error, we use cerr, which belongs to the iostream header file. Before printing the error, we store the error in a buffer.</p> <p> <strong>Example</strong> : For all the input and output streams</p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main() { int a; string b; cin&gt;&gt;a; if(a%2==0){ cout&lt;<\'the number entered is even enter a name\'<>b; cout&lt; <b; } else{ std::cerr << \'enter even number\' \'
\'; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c-5.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation</strong> : In the above code, we used all the input and output streams in the iostream.h header file.</p> <hr></b;></\'the></pre></variable_name;></pre></\'the></pre></variable_name>

Produksjon:

endre fil linux

Forklaring:

I koden ovenfor skriver vi ut en feil. For å skrive ut denne feilen bruker vi cerr, som tilhører iostream header-filen. Før vi skriver ut feilen, lagrer vi feilen i en buffer.

Eksempel : For alle inngangs- og utgangsstrømmene

 #include using namespace std; int main() { int a; string b; cin&gt;&gt;a; if(a%2==0){ cout&lt;<\\'the number entered is even enter a name\\'<>b; cout&lt; <b; } else{ std::cerr << \\'enter even number\\' \\'
\\'; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/23/what-is-include-iostream-c-5.webp" alt="What is include iostream in C++"> <p> <strong>Explanation</strong> : In the above code, we used all the input and output streams in the iostream.h header file.</p> <hr></b;></\\'the>