En Array er den enkleste datastrukturen i C som lagrer homogene data i sammenhengende minneplasseringer. Hvis vi ønsker å lage en matrise, erklærer vi datatypen og gir elementer inn i den:
#include int main() { int i, arr[5] = {1, 2, 4, 2, 4}; for(i = 0; i <5; i++) { printf('%d ', arr[i]); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> 1 2 4 2 4 </pre> <p>In C, a Character and a String are separate data types, unlike other programming languages like Python. A String is a collection of Characters. Hence, to define a String, we use a Character Array:</p> <pre> #include int main() { char str[8]; printf('Enter a String: '); scanf('%s', &str); printf('%s', str); } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Enter a String: Hello Hello </pre> <p>Now, we want to create an Array of Strings which means we are trying to create an Array of Character Arrays. We have two ways we can do this:</p> <ol class="points"> <li>Using Two-dimensional Arrays</li> <li>Using Pointers</li> </ol> <h3>Using Two-dimensional Arrays:</h3> <p>Creating a String Array is one of the applications of two-dimensional Arrays. To get a picture of the arrangement, observe the below representation:</p> <p>For suppose we want to create an Array of 3 Strings of size 5:</p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <p>Every String in a String Array must terminate with a null Character. It is the property of a String in C.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create a 2D Array:</strong> </p> <pre> Data_type name[rows][columns] = {{values in row 1}, {values in row 2}…}; </pre> <p> <strong>Syntax to create a String Array:</strong> </p> <pre> char Array[rows][columns] = {'String1', 'String2'...}; </pre> <p> <strong>Now, let us create an example String Array:</strong> </p> <ul> <li>Observe that when we assign the number of rows and columns, we need to consider the Null Character to the length.</li> </ul> <pre> #include int main() { int i; char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Block'}; printf('String Array:
'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf('%s
', array[i]); } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: Black Blame Block </pre> <ul> <li>char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Black'} -> {{'B', 'l', 'a', 'c', 'k', ' '}, {'B', 'l', 'a', 'm', 'e', ' '}, {'B', 'l', 'a', 'c', 'k', ' '}}</li> <li>We cannot directly manipulate the Strings in the Array as a String is an immutable data type. The compiler raises an error:</li> </ul> <pre> char Array[0] = 'Hello'; </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> [Error] assignment to expression with Array type </pre> <ul> <li>We can use the strcpy() function to copy the value by importing the String header file:</li> </ul> <pre> char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Block'}; strcpy(Array[0], 'Hello'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf('%s
', array[i]); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: Hello Blame Block </pre> <p> <strong>The Disadvantage of using 2D Arrays:</strong> </p> <p>Suppose we want to store 4 Strings in an Array: {'Java', 'T', 'point', 'JavaTpoint'}. We will store the Strings like this:</p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c-2.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <ul> <li>The number of rows will be equal to the number of Strings, but the number of columns will equal the length of the longest String.</li> <li>The memory allocated to all the Strings will be the size of the longest String, causing ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> '.</li> <li>The orange part in the above representation is the memory wasted.</li> </ul> <h3>Using Pointers:</h3> <p>By using Pointers, we can avoid the Disadvantage of Memory wastage. But how do we do this?</p> <p>We need to create an Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Hence, we need to create an Array of type ' <strong>char*</strong> '. This way, all the Strings are stored elsewhere in the exactly needed memory, and the Pointers in the Array point to those memory locations causing no memory wastage. More specifically, the Pointers in the Array point to the first Character of the Strings.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create an Array of Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Data Type* name[] = {'Value 1', 'Value 2'…};</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create an Array of String Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>char* Array[] = {'String 1', 'String 2'…};</p> <p> <strong>Representation:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c-3.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <p> <strong>Now, let us create an example String Array:</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include int main() { int i; char* Array[] = {'HI', 'UP', 'AT'}; printf('String Array:
'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf('%s
', array[i]); } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: HI UP AT </pre> <h3>Summary:</h3> <p>We cannot create a String Array like a normal one, as a String is an Array of Characters. We have two ways to do this:</p> <p> <strong>1. Using a Two-Dimensional Array:</strong> </p> <p>The Disadvantage of using this way is ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> ,' as the memory allocated to every String in the Array will be the memory required to store the longest String of the Array.</p> <p> <strong>2. Using Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Using Pointers, we create a single-dimensional Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Following this method can eliminate the 'Memory wastage' Disadvantage.</p> <hr></3;></pre></3;></pre></3;></pre></5;> I C er et tegn og en streng separate datatyper, i motsetning til andre programmeringsspråk som Python. En streng er en samling av tegn. Derfor, for å definere en streng, bruker vi en Character Array:
#include int main() { char str[8]; printf('Enter a String: '); scanf('%s', &str); printf('%s', str); } Produksjon:
Enter a String: Hello Hello
Nå ønsker vi å lage en Array of Strings som betyr at vi prøver å lage en Array of Character Arrays. Vi har to måter vi kan gjøre dette på:
- Bruk av todimensjonale matriser
- Bruke pekere
Bruk av todimensjonale matriser:
Å lage en strengmatrise er en av applikasjonene til todimensjonale matriser. For å få et bilde av arrangementet, observer representasjonen nedenfor:
For anta at vi ønsker å lage en matrise med 3 strenger i størrelse 5:
indisk skuespillerinne rani mukerji
Hver streng i en strengarray må avsluttes med et null-tegn. Det er eiendommen til en streng i C.
Syntaks for å lage en 2D-array:
Data_type name[rows][columns] = {{values in row 1}, {values in row 2}…}; Syntaks for å lage en strengarray:
char Array[rows][columns] = {'String1', 'String2'...}; La oss nå lage et eksempel på String Array:
java konverter char til int
- Legg merke til at når vi tildeler antall rader og kolonner, må vi vurdere null-tegnet til lengden.
#include int main() { int i; char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Block'}; printf('String Array:
'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf(\'%s
\', array[i]); } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: Black Blame Block </pre> <ul> <li>char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Black'} -> {{'B', 'l', 'a', 'c', 'k', ' '}, {'B', 'l', 'a', 'm', 'e', ' '}, {'B', 'l', 'a', 'c', 'k', ' '}}</li> <li>We cannot directly manipulate the Strings in the Array as a String is an immutable data type. The compiler raises an error:</li> </ul> <pre> char Array[0] = 'Hello'; </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> [Error] assignment to expression with Array type </pre> <ul> <li>We can use the strcpy() function to copy the value by importing the String header file:</li> </ul> <pre> char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Block'}; strcpy(Array[0], 'Hello'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf(\'%s
\', array[i]); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: Hello Blame Block </pre> <p> <strong>The Disadvantage of using 2D Arrays:</strong> </p> <p>Suppose we want to store 4 Strings in an Array: {'Java', 'T', 'point', 'JavaTpoint'}. We will store the Strings like this:</p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c-2.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <ul> <li>The number of rows will be equal to the number of Strings, but the number of columns will equal the length of the longest String.</li> <li>The memory allocated to all the Strings will be the size of the longest String, causing ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> '.</li> <li>The orange part in the above representation is the memory wasted.</li> </ul> <h3>Using Pointers:</h3> <p>By using Pointers, we can avoid the Disadvantage of Memory wastage. But how do we do this?</p> <p>We need to create an Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Hence, we need to create an Array of type ' <strong>char*</strong> '. This way, all the Strings are stored elsewhere in the exactly needed memory, and the Pointers in the Array point to those memory locations causing no memory wastage. More specifically, the Pointers in the Array point to the first Character of the Strings.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create an Array of Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Data Type* name[] = {'Value 1', 'Value 2'…};</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create an Array of String Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>char* Array[] = {'String 1', 'String 2'…};</p> <p> <strong>Representation:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c-3.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <p> <strong>Now, let us create an example String Array:</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include int main() { int i; char* Array[] = {'HI', 'UP', 'AT'}; printf('String Array:
'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf(\'%s
\', array[i]); } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: HI UP AT </pre> <h3>Summary:</h3> <p>We cannot create a String Array like a normal one, as a String is an Array of Characters. We have two ways to do this:</p> <p> <strong>1. Using a Two-Dimensional Array:</strong> </p> <p>The Disadvantage of using this way is ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> ,' as the memory allocated to every String in the Array will be the memory required to store the longest String of the Array.</p> <p> <strong>2. Using Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Using Pointers, we create a single-dimensional Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Following this method can eliminate the 'Memory wastage' Disadvantage.</p> <hr></3;></pre></3;></pre></3;> - char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Black'} -> {{'B', 'l', 'a', 'c', 'k', ' ' }, {'B', 'l', 'a', 'm', 'e', ' '}, {'B', 'l', 'a', 'c', 'k', ' '}}
- Vi kan ikke direkte manipulere strengene i matrisen, da en streng er en uforanderlig datatype. Kompilatoren viser en feil:
char Array[0] = 'Hello';
Produksjon:
[Error] assignment to expression with Array type
- Vi kan bruke strcpy()-funksjonen til å kopiere verdien ved å importere String-header-filen:
char Array[3][6] = {'Black', 'Blame', 'Block'}; strcpy(Array[0], 'Hello'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf(\'%s
\', array[i]); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: Hello Blame Block </pre> <p> <strong>The Disadvantage of using 2D Arrays:</strong> </p> <p>Suppose we want to store 4 Strings in an Array: {'Java', 'T', 'point', 'JavaTpoint'}. We will store the Strings like this:</p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c-2.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <ul> <li>The number of rows will be equal to the number of Strings, but the number of columns will equal the length of the longest String.</li> <li>The memory allocated to all the Strings will be the size of the longest String, causing ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> '.</li> <li>The orange part in the above representation is the memory wasted.</li> </ul> <h3>Using Pointers:</h3> <p>By using Pointers, we can avoid the Disadvantage of Memory wastage. But how do we do this?</p> <p>We need to create an Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Hence, we need to create an Array of type ' <strong>char*</strong> '. This way, all the Strings are stored elsewhere in the exactly needed memory, and the Pointers in the Array point to those memory locations causing no memory wastage. More specifically, the Pointers in the Array point to the first Character of the Strings.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create an Array of Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Data Type* name[] = {'Value 1', 'Value 2'…};</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to create an Array of String Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>char* Array[] = {'String 1', 'String 2'…};</p> <p> <strong>Representation:</strong> </p> <img src="//techcodeview.com/img/c-tutorial/46/an-array-strings-c-3.webp" alt="An Array of Strings in C"> <p> <strong>Now, let us create an example String Array:</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include int main() { int i; char* Array[] = {'HI', 'UP', 'AT'}; printf('String Array:
'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf(\'%s
\', array[i]); } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: HI UP AT </pre> <h3>Summary:</h3> <p>We cannot create a String Array like a normal one, as a String is an Array of Characters. We have two ways to do this:</p> <p> <strong>1. Using a Two-Dimensional Array:</strong> </p> <p>The Disadvantage of using this way is ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> ,' as the memory allocated to every String in the Array will be the memory required to store the longest String of the Array.</p> <p> <strong>2. Using Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Using Pointers, we create a single-dimensional Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Following this method can eliminate the 'Memory wastage' Disadvantage.</p> <hr></3;></pre></3;> Ulempen med å bruke 2D-arrayer:
Anta at vi ønsker å lagre 4 strenger i en matrise: {'Java', 'T', 'point', 'JavaTpoint'}. Vi vil lagre strengene slik:
- Antall rader vil være lik antall strenger, men antall kolonner vil være lik lengden på den lengste strengen.
- Minnet som er allokert til alle strengene vil være på størrelse med den lengste strengen, noe som forårsaker ' Sløsing med minne '.
- Den oransje delen i representasjonen ovenfor er bortkastet minne.
Bruke pekere:
Ved å bruke Pointers kan vi unngå ulempen med sløsing med minne. Men hvordan gjør vi dette?
Vi må lage en rekke pekere som peker på strenger. Derfor må vi lage en matrise av typen ' røye* '. På denne måten blir alle strengene lagret andre steder i akkurat det nødvendige minnet, og pekerne i Arrayen peker til disse minnestedene som ikke forårsaker minnesløsing. Mer spesifikt peker pekerne i matrisen til den første karakteren i strengene.
Syntaks for å lage en rekke pekere:
Data Type* name[] = {'Verdi 1', 'Verdi 2'...};
Syntaks for å lage en rekke strengpekere:
char* Array[] = {'String 1', 'String 2'...};
Representasjon:
La oss nå lage et eksempel på String Array:
hvor stor er dataskjermen min
#include #include int main() { int i; char* Array[] = {'HI', 'UP', 'AT'}; printf('String Array:
'); for(i = 0; i <3; i++) { printf(\'%s
\', array[i]); } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> String Array: HI UP AT </pre> <h3>Summary:</h3> <p>We cannot create a String Array like a normal one, as a String is an Array of Characters. We have two ways to do this:</p> <p> <strong>1. Using a Two-Dimensional Array:</strong> </p> <p>The Disadvantage of using this way is ' <strong>Memory wastage</strong> ,' as the memory allocated to every String in the Array will be the memory required to store the longest String of the Array.</p> <p> <strong>2. Using Pointers:</strong> </p> <p>Using Pointers, we create a single-dimensional Array of Pointers pointing to Strings. Following this method can eliminate the 'Memory wastage' Disadvantage.</p> <hr></3;> Sammendrag:
Vi kan ikke lage en String Array som en vanlig, ettersom en String er en Array of Characters. Vi har to måter å gjøre dette på:
1. Bruke en todimensjonal matrise:
Ulempen med å bruke denne måten er ' Sløsing med minne ,' ettersom minnet som er allokert til hver streng i matrisen vil være minnet som kreves for å lagre den lengste strengen i matrisen.
2. Bruke pekere:
Ved å bruke pekere lager vi en endimensjonal matrise med pekere som peker på strenger. Å følge denne metoden kan eliminere ulempen med 'minne sløsing'.