cin er et objekt som brukes til å ta innspill fra brukeren, men som ikke tillater å ta innspill på flere linjer. For å akseptere flere linjer bruker vi getline() funksjonen. Det er en forhåndsdefinert funksjon definert i en header-fil som brukes til å akseptere en linje eller en streng fra inndatastrømmen til skilletegnet blir påtruffet.
Syntaks for getline() funksjon:
Det er to måter å representere en funksjon på:
- Den første måten å deklarere på er å sende tre parametere.
istream& getline( istream& is, string& str, char delim );
Syntaksen ovenfor inneholder tre parametere, dvs. er, str , og jeg deler .
Hvor,
er: Det er et objekt i istream-klassen som definerer hvor inputstrømmen skal leses fra.
str: Det er et strengobjekt som streng er lagret i.
singleton designdele: Det er den avgrensende karakteren.
Returverdi
Denne funksjonen returnerer inngangsstrømobjektet, som sendes som en parameter til funksjonen.
- Den andre måten å deklarere på er å sende to parametere.
istream& getline( istream& is, string& str );
Syntaksen ovenfor inneholder to parametere, dvs. er og str . Denne syntaksen er nesten lik syntaksen ovenfor; den eneste forskjellen er at den ikke har noen avgrensende karakter.
Hvor,
er: Det er et objekt i istream-klassen som definerer hvor inputstrømmen skal leses fra.
str: Det er et strengobjekt som streng er lagret i.
abstraksjon i java
Returverdi
Denne funksjonen returnerer også inngangsstrømmen, som sendes som en parameter til funksjonen.
La oss forstå gjennom et eksempel.
Først skal vi se på et eksempel der vi tar brukerinndata uten å bruke getline()-funksjonen.
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { string name; // variable declaration std::cout << 'Enter your name :' <>name; cout<<'
hello '<<name; return 0; } < pre> <p>In the above code, we take the user input by using the statement <strong>cin>>name,</strong> i.e., we have not used the <strong>getline()</strong> function.</p> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter your name : John Miller Hello John </pre> <p>In the above output, we gave the name 'John Miller' as user input, but only 'John' was displayed. Therefore, we conclude that cin does not consider the character when the space character is encountered.</p> <p> <strong>Let's resolve the above problem by using getline() function.</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string name; // variable declaration. std::cout << 'Enter your name :' << std::endl; getline(cin,name); // implementing a getline() function cout<<'
hello '<<name; return 0;} < pre> <p>In the above code, we have used the <strong>getline()</strong> function to accept the character even when the space character is encountered.</p> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter your name : John Miller Hello John Miller </pre> <p>In the above output, we can observe that both the words, i.e., John and Miller, are displayed, which means that the getline() function considers the character after the space character also.</p> <p> <strong>When we do not want to read the character after space then we use the following code:</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string profile; // variable declaration std::cout << 'Enter your profile :' << std::endl; getline(cin,profile,' '); // implementing getline() function with a delimiting character. cout<<'
profile is :'<<p>In the above code, we take the user input by using getline() function, but this time we also add the delimiting character('') in a third parameter. Here, delimiting character is a space character, means the character that appears after space will not be considered.<p></p> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter your profile : Software Developer Profile is: Software </pre> <h3>Getline Character Array</h3> <p>We can also define the getline() function for character array, but its syntax is different from the previous one.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> istream& getline(char* , int size); </pre> <p>In the above syntax, there are two parameters; one is <strong>char</strong> *, and the other is <strong>size</strong> .</p> <p> <strong>Where,</strong> </p> <p> <strong>char*:</strong> It is a character pointer that points to the array.</p> <p> <strong>Size:</strong> It acts as a delimiter that defines the size of the array means input cannot cross this size.</p> <p> <strong>Let's understand through an example.</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { char fruits[50]; // array declaration cout<< 'Enter your favorite fruit: '; cin.getline(fruits, 50); // implementing getline() function std::cout << '
Your favorite fruit is :'<<fruits << std::endl; return 0; } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter your favorite fruit: Watermelon Your favorite fruit is: Watermelon </pre> <hr></fruits></pre></'
profile></pre></'
hello></pre></'
hello> I utgangen ovenfor ga vi navnet 'John Miller' som brukerinndata, men bare 'John' ble vist. Derfor konkluderer vi med at cin ikke vurderer karakteren når mellomromskarakteren påtreffes.
La oss løse problemet ovenfor ved å bruke getline()-funksjonen.
kart i java
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { string name; // variable declaration. std::cout << 'Enter your name :' << std::endl; getline(cin,name); // implementing a getline() function cout<<\'
hello \'<<name; return 0;} < pre> <p>In the above code, we have used the <strong>getline()</strong> function to accept the character even when the space character is encountered.</p> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter your name : John Miller Hello John Miller </pre> <p>In the above output, we can observe that both the words, i.e., John and Miller, are displayed, which means that the getline() function considers the character after the space character also.</p> <p> <strong>When we do not want to read the character after space then we use the following code:</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { string profile; // variable declaration std::cout << 'Enter your profile :' << std::endl; getline(cin,profile,' '); // implementing getline() function with a delimiting character. cout<<\'
profile is :\'<<p>In the above code, we take the user input by using getline() function, but this time we also add the delimiting character('') in a third parameter. Here, delimiting character is a space character, means the character that appears after space will not be considered.<p></p> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter your profile : Software Developer Profile is: Software </pre> <h3>Getline Character Array</h3> <p>We can also define the getline() function for character array, but its syntax is different from the previous one.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> istream& getline(char* , int size); </pre> <p>In the above syntax, there are two parameters; one is <strong>char</strong> *, and the other is <strong>size</strong> .</p> <p> <strong>Where,</strong> </p> <p> <strong>char*:</strong> It is a character pointer that points to the array.</p> <p> <strong>Size:</strong> It acts as a delimiter that defines the size of the array means input cannot cross this size.</p> <p> <strong>Let's understand through an example.</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { char fruits[50]; // array declaration cout<< 'Enter your favorite fruit: '; cin.getline(fruits, 50); // implementing getline() function std::cout << '
Your favorite fruit is :'<<fruits << std::endl; return 0; } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter your favorite fruit: Watermelon Your favorite fruit is: Watermelon </pre> <hr></fruits></pre></\'
profile></pre></\'
hello> I utgangen ovenfor kan vi observere at begge ordene, dvs. John og Miller, vises, noe som betyr at getline()-funksjonen også vurderer tegnet etter mellomromstegnet.
Når vi ikke vil lese tegnet etter mellomrom, bruker vi følgende kode:
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { string profile; // variable declaration std::cout << 'Enter your profile :' << std::endl; getline(cin,profile,' '); // implementing getline() function with a delimiting character. cout<<\'
profile is :\'<<p>In the above code, we take the user input by using getline() function, but this time we also add the delimiting character('') in a third parameter. Here, delimiting character is a space character, means the character that appears after space will not be considered.<p></p> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter your profile : Software Developer Profile is: Software </pre> <h3>Getline Character Array</h3> <p>We can also define the getline() function for character array, but its syntax is different from the previous one.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> istream& getline(char* , int size); </pre> <p>In the above syntax, there are two parameters; one is <strong>char</strong> *, and the other is <strong>size</strong> .</p> <p> <strong>Where,</strong> </p> <p> <strong>char*:</strong> It is a character pointer that points to the array.</p> <p> <strong>Size:</strong> It acts as a delimiter that defines the size of the array means input cannot cross this size.</p> <p> <strong>Let's understand through an example.</strong> </p> <pre> #include #include using namespace std; int main() { char fruits[50]; // array declaration cout<< 'Enter your favorite fruit: '; cin.getline(fruits, 50); // implementing getline() function std::cout << '
Your favorite fruit is :'<<fruits << std::endl; return 0; } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter your favorite fruit: Watermelon Your favorite fruit is: Watermelon </pre> <hr></fruits></pre></\'
profile> Getline Character Array
Vi kan også definere getline()-funksjonen for tegnarray, men dens syntaks er forskjellig fra den forrige.
Syntaks
istream& getline(char* , int size);
I syntaksen ovenfor er det to parametere; en er røye *, og den andre er størrelse .
Hvor,
røye*: Det er en tegnpeker som peker til matrisen.
Størrelse: Den fungerer som en skilletegn som definerer størrelsen på matrisen betyr at inngang ikke kan krysse denne størrelsen.
La oss forstå gjennom et eksempel.
#include #include using namespace std; int main() { char fruits[50]; // array declaration cout<< 'Enter your favorite fruit: '; cin.getline(fruits, 50); // implementing getline() function std::cout << '
Your favorite fruit is :'<<fruits << std::endl; return 0; } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Enter your favorite fruit: Watermelon Your favorite fruit is: Watermelon </pre> <hr></fruits>