Å lese XML-fil i Java er mye forskjellig fra å lese andre filer som .docx og .txt fordi XML-filen inneholder data mellom kodene. Java gir mange måter å analysere en XML-fil på. Det er to parsere i Java som analyserer en XML-fil:

• Java DOM Parser
• Java RIKTIG Parser

Java DOM Parser

De DOM API gir klassene til å lese og skrive en XML-fil. Vi kan opprette, slette, endre og omorganisere noden ved å bruke DOM API. DOM-parser analyserer hele XML-filen og oppretter en DOM objekt i minnet. Den modellerer en XML-fil i en trestruktur for enkel gjennomkjøring og manipulering. I DOM er alt i en XML-fil en node . Noden representerer en komponent av en XML-fil. DOM-parser er langsom i prosess og okkuperer mye minne når den laster en XML-fil inn i minnet.

Vi må ha fulgt prosessen for å lese en XML-fil i Java:

Instantier XML-fil:DOM-parser laster XML-filen inn i minnet og anser hver kode som et element.Få rotnoden:Dokumentklassen gir getDocumentElement() metode for å hente rotnoden og elementet til XML-filen.Få alle noder:De getElementByTagName() metoden henter alle de spesifikke kodenavnene fra XML-filen. Hvor ELEMENT_NODE type refererer til en ikke-tekstnode som har underelementer. Hvis vi trenger tilgang til alle noder fra starten, inkludert rotnoden, kan vi rekursivt kalle getChildElement()-metoden.Hent node etter tekstverdi:Vi kan bruke getElementByTextValue() metode for å søke etter en node etter verdien.Få node etter attributtverdi:Hvis vi ønsker å søke i en node etter verdien til et spesifikt attributt, kan vi bruke metoden getElementByTagName() sammen med metoden getAttribute().

Trinn for å lese XML-fil i Java ved å bruke eclipse

Trinn 1: Lag en enkel Java prosjekt.

Steg 2: Opprett en klassefil og oppgi et klassefilnavn. Vi har laget klassefilen med navnet LesXMLFileExample1 .

Trinn 3: Skriv følgende kode.

utvalg sortere i java

Trinn 4: nedlasting dom-2.3.0-jaxb-1.0.6.jar fil: Klikk her...

Trinn 5: Lage en lib mappe i prosjektet.

Trinn 6: Kopiere dom-2.3.0-jaxb-1.0.6.jar fil og lim inn i lib-mappen.

Trinn 7: Sett klassevei :

Høyreklikk på prosjektet->Bygg bane->Konfigurer byggebane->Legg til eksterne JAR->Velg JAR-filen->klikk på Åpne-knappen->Bruk og lukk.

Trinn 8: Opprett en XML fil. Vi har laget en XML-fil med navn XMLFile.xml og skriv følgende data inn i den.

java-strengsammenkobling

Trinn 9: Kjør prosjektet.

Oppretter XML-fil: XMLFile.xml

 101 Naman Kumar Math 83 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 103 Harsh Singh English 70 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 

Eksempel på lesing av XML-fil ved bruk av DOM Parser

 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import java.io.File; public class ReadXMLFileExample1 { public static void main(String argv[]) { try { //creating a constructor of file class and parsing an XML file File file = new File(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;); //an instance of factory that gives a document builder DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); //an instance of builder to parse the specified xml file DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); Document doc = db.parse(file); doc.getDocumentElement().normalize(); System.out.println(&apos;Root element: &apos; + doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName()); NodeList nodeList = doc.getElementsByTagName(&apos;student&apos;); // nodeList is not iterable, so we are using for loop for (int itr = 0; itr <nodelist.getlength(); itr++) { node system.out.println('
node name :' + node.getnodename()); if (node.getnodetype()="=" node.element_node) element eelement="(Element)" node; system.out.println('student id: '+ eelement.getelementsbytagname('id').item(0).gettextcontent()); system.out.println('first name: eelement.getelementsbytagname('firstname').item(0).gettextcontent()); system.out.println('last eelement.getelementsbytagname('lastname').item(0).gettextcontent()); system.out.println('subject: eelement.getelementsbytagname('subject').item(0).gettextcontent()); system.out.println('marks: eelement.getelementsbytagname('marks').item(0).gettextcontent()); } catch (exception e) e.printstacktrace(); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Root element: class Node Name: student Student id: 101 First Name: Naman Last Name: Kumar Subject: Math Marks: 83 Node Name: student Student id: 102 First Name: Kapil Last Name: Kumar Subject: Chemistry Marks: 60 Node Name: student Student id: 103 First Name: Harsh Last Name: Singh Subject: English Marks: 70 Node Name: student Student id: 104 First Name: Jitesh Last Name: Singh Subject: Physics Marks: 76 </pre> <p>Let&apos;s see another example of reading xml file.</p> <p> <strong>Example of reading XML file using DOM Parser</strong> </p> <p>The following example reads the same XML file <strong>XMLFile.xml</strong> , and showing that how to loop the node one by one. It prints the node value, name and attribute if any.</p> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> import java.io.File; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; public class ReadXMLFileExample2 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { File file = new File(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;); DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder(); Document document = documentBuilder.parse(file); System.out.println(&apos;Root element: &apos;+ document.getDocumentElement().getNodeName()); if (document.hasChildNodes()) { printNodeList(document.getChildNodes()); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } private static void printNodeList(NodeList nodeList) { for (int count = 0; count <nodelist.getlength(); count++) { node elemnode="nodeList.item(count);" if (elemnode.getnodetype()="=" node.element_node) get name and value system.out.println('
node [open]'); system.out.println('node content=" + elemNode.getTextContent()); if (elemNode.hasAttributes()) { NamedNodeMap nodeMap = elemNode.getAttributes(); for (int i = 0; i &lt; nodeMap.getLength(); i++) { Node node = nodeMap.item(i); System.out.println(" attr : ' + node.getnodename()); system.out.println('attr node.getnodevalue()); } (elemnode.haschildnodes()) recursive call the has child nodes printnodelist(elemnode.getchildnodes()); [close]'); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Root element: class Node Name =class [OPEN] Node Content = 101 Naman Kumar Maths 83 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 103 Harsh Singh English 70 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 101 Naman Kumar Maths 83 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =101 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Naman Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Kumar Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Math Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =83 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =102 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Kapil Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Kumar Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Chemistry Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =60 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 103 Harsh Singh English 70 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =103 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Harsh Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Singh Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =English Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =70 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =104 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Jitesh Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Singh Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Physics Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =76 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =class [CLOSE] </pre> <h2>Java SAX Parser</h2> <p>Java SAX parser stands for <strong>Simple API</strong> for <strong>XML</strong> . SAX parser parses an XML file <strong>line by line</strong> . It triggers events when it encounters the opening tag, closing tag, and character data in an xml file. SAX parser is also called the <strong>event-based parser</strong> .</p> <p>SAX parser does not load any XML file into memory. It does not create any object representation of the XML document. SAX parser uses call back function to inform clients of the XML document structure. It is <strong>faster</strong> and uses <strong>less memory</strong> than DOM parser.</p> <p>SAX is a <strong>streaming interface</strong> for XML, which means that XML file parses in sequential order starting at the top of the document, and ending with the closing of the root element.</p> <p> <strong>Example of reading XML file using SAX parser</strong> </p> <pre> import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; public class ReadXMLFileExample3 { public static void main(String args[]) { try { SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() { boolean id = false; boolean firstname = false; boolean lastname = false; boolean subject = false; boolean marks = false; //parser starts parsing a specific element inside the document public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;Start Element :&apos; + qName); if(qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;Id&apos;)) { id=true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;FIRSTNAME&apos;)) { firstname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;LASTNAME&apos;)) { lastname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;SUBJECT&apos;)) { subject = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;MARKS&apos;)) { marks = true; } } //parser ends parsing the specific element inside the document public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;End Element:&apos; + qName); } //reads the text value of the currently parsed element public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException { if (id) { System.out.println(&apos;ID : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); id = false; } if (firstname) { System.out.println(&apos;First Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); firstname = false; } if (lastname) { System.out.println(&apos;Last Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); lastname = false; } if (subject) { System.out.println(&apos;Subject: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); subject = false; } if (marks) { System.out.println(&apos;Marks : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); marks = false; } } }; saxParser.parse(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;, handler); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Start Element: class Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 101 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Naman End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Math End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 83 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 102 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Kapil End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Chemistry End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 60 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 103 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Harsh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: English End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 70 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 104 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Jitesh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Physics End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 76 End Element: marks End Element: student End Element: class </pre> <hr></nodelist.getlength();></pre></nodelist.getlength();>

La oss se et annet eksempel på lesing av xml-fil.

peker i c

Eksempel på lesing av XML-fil ved bruk av DOM Parser

Følgende eksempel leser den samme XML-filen XMLFile.xml , og viser hvordan du kan loope noden en etter en. Den skriver ut nodeverdien, navn og attributt hvis noen.

Eksempel

 import java.io.File; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; public class ReadXMLFileExample2 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { File file = new File(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;); DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder(); Document document = documentBuilder.parse(file); System.out.println(&apos;Root element: &apos;+ document.getDocumentElement().getNodeName()); if (document.hasChildNodes()) { printNodeList(document.getChildNodes()); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } private static void printNodeList(NodeList nodeList) { for (int count = 0; count <nodelist.getlength(); count++) { node elemnode="nodeList.item(count);" if (elemnode.getnodetype()="=" node.element_node) get name and value system.out.println(\'
node [open]\'); system.out.println(\'node content=" + elemNode.getTextContent()); if (elemNode.hasAttributes()) { NamedNodeMap nodeMap = elemNode.getAttributes(); for (int i = 0; i &lt; nodeMap.getLength(); i++) { Node node = nodeMap.item(i); System.out.println(" attr : \' + node.getnodename()); system.out.println(\'attr node.getnodevalue()); } (elemnode.haschildnodes()) recursive call the has child nodes printnodelist(elemnode.getchildnodes()); [close]\'); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Root element: class Node Name =class [OPEN] Node Content = 101 Naman Kumar Maths 83 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 103 Harsh Singh English 70 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 101 Naman Kumar Maths 83 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =101 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Naman Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Kumar Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Math Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =83 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 102 Kapil Kumar Chemistry 60 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =102 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Kapil Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Kumar Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Chemistry Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =60 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 103 Harsh Singh English 70 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =103 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Harsh Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Singh Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =English Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =70 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =student [OPEN] Node Content = 104 Jitesh Singh Physics 76 Node Name =id [OPEN] Node Content =104 Node Name =id [CLOSE] Node Name =firstname [OPEN] Node Content =Jitesh Node Name =firstname [CLOSE] Node Name =lastname [OPEN] Node Content =Singh Node Name =lastname [CLOSE] Node Name =subject [OPEN] Node Content =Physics Node Name =subject [CLOSE] Node Name =marks [OPEN] Node Content =76 Node Name =marks [CLOSE] Node Name =student [CLOSE] Node Name =class [CLOSE] </pre> <h2>Java SAX Parser</h2> <p>Java SAX parser stands for <strong>Simple API</strong> for <strong>XML</strong> . SAX parser parses an XML file <strong>line by line</strong> . It triggers events when it encounters the opening tag, closing tag, and character data in an xml file. SAX parser is also called the <strong>event-based parser</strong> .</p> <p>SAX parser does not load any XML file into memory. It does not create any object representation of the XML document. SAX parser uses call back function to inform clients of the XML document structure. It is <strong>faster</strong> and uses <strong>less memory</strong> than DOM parser.</p> <p>SAX is a <strong>streaming interface</strong> for XML, which means that XML file parses in sequential order starting at the top of the document, and ending with the closing of the root element.</p> <p> <strong>Example of reading XML file using SAX parser</strong> </p> <pre> import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; public class ReadXMLFileExample3 { public static void main(String args[]) { try { SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() { boolean id = false; boolean firstname = false; boolean lastname = false; boolean subject = false; boolean marks = false; //parser starts parsing a specific element inside the document public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;Start Element :&apos; + qName); if(qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;Id&apos;)) { id=true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;FIRSTNAME&apos;)) { firstname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;LASTNAME&apos;)) { lastname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;SUBJECT&apos;)) { subject = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase(&apos;MARKS&apos;)) { marks = true; } } //parser ends parsing the specific element inside the document public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { System.out.println(&apos;End Element:&apos; + qName); } //reads the text value of the currently parsed element public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException { if (id) { System.out.println(&apos;ID : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); id = false; } if (firstname) { System.out.println(&apos;First Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); firstname = false; } if (lastname) { System.out.println(&apos;Last Name: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); lastname = false; } if (subject) { System.out.println(&apos;Subject: &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); subject = false; } if (marks) { System.out.println(&apos;Marks : &apos; + new String(ch, start, length)); marks = false; } } }; saxParser.parse(&apos;F:\XMLFile.xml&apos;, handler); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Start Element: class Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 101 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Naman End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Math End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 83 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 102 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Kapil End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Chemistry End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 60 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 103 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Harsh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: English End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 70 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 104 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Jitesh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Physics End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 76 End Element: marks End Element: student End Element: class </pre> <hr></nodelist.getlength();>

Java SAX Parser

Java SAX parser står for Enkelt API til XML . SAX-parser analyserer en XML-fil linje for linje . Den utløser hendelser når den møter åpningstaggen, avslutningskoden og tegndata i en xml-fil. SAX-parser kalles også hendelsesbasert parser .

SAX-parser laster ikke inn noen XML-fil i minnet. Den oppretter ingen objektrepresentasjon av XML-dokumentet. SAX-parser bruker tilbakeringingsfunksjon for å informere klienter om XML-dokumentstrukturen. Det er raskere og bruker mindre minne enn DOM-parser.

SAX er en strømmegrensesnitt for XML, som betyr at XML-filen analyseres i sekvensiell rekkefølge som starter øverst i dokumentet og slutter med lukking av rotelementet.

cobol programmering

Eksempel på lesing av XML-fil ved bruk av SAX-parser

 import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; public class ReadXMLFileExample3 { public static void main(String args[]) { try { SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() { boolean id = false; boolean firstname = false; boolean lastname = false; boolean subject = false; boolean marks = false; //parser starts parsing a specific element inside the document public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { System.out.println('Start Element :' + qName); if(qName.equalsIgnoreCase('Id')) { id=true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase('FIRSTNAME')) { firstname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase('LASTNAME')) { lastname = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase('SUBJECT')) { subject = true; } if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase('MARKS')) { marks = true; } } //parser ends parsing the specific element inside the document public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { System.out.println('End Element:' + qName); } //reads the text value of the currently parsed element public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException { if (id) { System.out.println('ID : ' + new String(ch, start, length)); id = false; } if (firstname) { System.out.println('First Name: ' + new String(ch, start, length)); firstname = false; } if (lastname) { System.out.println('Last Name: ' + new String(ch, start, length)); lastname = false; } if (subject) { System.out.println('Subject: ' + new String(ch, start, length)); subject = false; } if (marks) { System.out.println('Marks : ' + new String(ch, start, length)); marks = false; } } }; saxParser.parse('F:\XMLFile.xml', handler); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 

Produksjon:

 Start Element: class Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 101 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Naman End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Math End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 83 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 102 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Kapil End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Kumar End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Chemistry End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 60 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 103 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Harsh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: English End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 70 End Element: marks End Element: student Start Element: student Start Element: id ID: 104 End Element: id Start Element: firstname First Name: Jitesh End Element: firstname Start Element: lastname Last Name: Singh End Element: lastname Start Element: subject Subject: Physics End Element: subject Start Element: marks Marks: 76 End Element: marks End Element: student End Element: class